Initially founded in 1978 as the Cuttyhunk Historical Association by the Cuttyhunk Union Methodist Church, CHS has flourished thanks to a sense of preservation and support from islanders and visitors alike. As its focus and mission grew, the Association evolved into the Cuttyhunk Historical Society and was incorporated as a not-for-profit corporation in 1980. Exhibits were displayed in the school and the library as space permitted.
 

By the end of the decade, plans were underway to provide CHS with a permanent home. In 1991, thanks to the generosity of many and built on land donated by Oriel Wood Ponzecchi in memory of her parents, Cornelius and Muriel (Prindle) Wood, the current Museum of the Elizabeth Islands was dedicated. This building has provided CHS with a place to house its growing collection and library, host two exhibits each summer and engage the community in the stories, customs and history of the Elizabeth Islands.